Kakawin Bharatayuda (Balai Bahasa Prov. Bali)
lontar kakawin Bali  | |||
| Inggih punika | Lontar, Kakawin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Soroh |
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| Genah | Balai Bahasa Bali, Kapustakaan Kantor Dokuméntasi Budaya Bali | ||
| Wit negara |
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| Nganggén basa |
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| Klasifikasi Gedong Kirtya |
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| Linggah |
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| Lantang |
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| Akéh lempir |
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Deskripsi
[uah]Lontar Kakawin Bharatayuda niki silih tunggil koleksi Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali sane kapupulang sareng program WikiLontar 2021 sane sampun puput. WikiLontar inggih punika program katalogisasi digital lontar sane kakaryanin Komunitas Wikimedia Denpasar ring sasih Januari - April 2021. Ring Balai Bahasa puniki wenten 142 cakep lontar saking makudang-kudang soroh.
Bahasa Indonesia
[uah]Naskah ini terdiri atas 52 sargah (pupuh), dimulai dari sargah 1 bermetrum Jagaddhita dan diakhiri pada sargah 52 dengan metrum yang sama. Namun, sargah 52 hanya memuat satu bait dan terputus. Berdasarkan sumber lain (Warna dkk., 1989; Zoetmulder, 1985), sargah tersebut seharusnya terdiri atas 13 bait.
Secara keseluruhan, naskah ini mengisahkan perang besar antara dua keluarga Barata, yakni Korawa dan Pandawa. Kisah diawali dengan perundingan yang diwakili oleh Kresna sebagai utusan Pandawa, yang mengusulkan pembagian kerajaan demi perdamaian. Usulan tersebut ditolak oleh Duryodana sehingga perang di Kuruksetra tidak terhindarkan. Pasukan Korawa dipimpin oleh Bisma, Drona, Karna, dan Salya, sedangkan pihak Pandawa dipimpin oleh Sweta dan Drestadyumna.
Pertempuran berlangsung sengit dan menelan banyak korban. Sweta gugur oleh Bisma; Bisma sendiri tewas oleh panah Arjuna dengan bantuan Srikandi. Abimanyu, putra Arjuna, terbunuh oleh Jayadrata, yang kemudian dibalas Arjuna sebelum matahari terbenam berkat siasat Kresna. Ksiti Sundari, istri Abimanyu, melakukan sati, sedangkan Utari tidak karena sedang mengandung.
Setyaki dan Bima mengamuk di medan perang, menewaskan banyak prajurit Korawa. Burisrawa terbunuh oleh Setyaki dengan bantuan Arjuna. Karna kemudian tampil sebagai tokoh utama Korawa, tetapi Gatotkaca yang dihadapkan kepadanya gugur oleh senjata sakti Karna. Setelah itu, Drona terbunuh akibat siasat Kresna dan Arjuna. Karna akhirnya tewas dalam duel melawan Arjuna dengan Kresna sebagai sais kereta.
Selanjutnya, Bima membunuh Dussasana, dan Salya gugur oleh Yudistira menggunakan pustaka Kalimahosada. Kekalahan Korawa ditandai dengan tewasnya Duryodana akibat pukulan gada Bima. Pada bagian akhir, Aswatama membunuh kelima putra Drupadi, memicu kemarahan Bima. Konflik berlanjut hingga penggunaan senjata Brahmasirah oleh Aswatama dan Arjuna, yang kemudian dihentikan oleh Dewa Siwa. Aswatama dipaksa menyerahkan mutiara kesaktiannya, yang akhirnya diserahkan Drupadi kepada Yudistira sebagai raja Indraprasta.
Bahasa Bali
[uah]Bahasa Inggris
[uah]This manuscript consists of 52 sargah (or pupuh), beginning with sargah 1 in the Jagaddhita metre and ending with sargah 52 in the same metre. However, sargah 52 contains only one stanza and is incomplete. According to other sources (cf. Warna et al., 1989; Zoetmulder, 1985), this sargah should consist of 13 stanzas.
In essence, the manuscript narrates the great war between the two branches of the Bharata family, the Kauravas and the Pandavas. The story opens with a diplomatic negotiation in which Krishna, acting as the Pandavas’ envoy, proposes a peaceful settlement through the division of the kingdom. This proposal is rejected by Duryodana, and consequently war breaks out on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. The Kaurava forces are led by Bhishma, Drona, Karna, and Shalya, while the Pandava forces are led by Śveta and Dṛṣṭadyumna.
The battle rages for many days and claims numerous warriors from both sides. Śveta is slain by Bhishma; Bhishma himself is killed by Arjuna, who shoots countless arrows while taking cover behind Shikhandi. Abhimanyu, Arjuna’s son, is killed by Jayadratha, causing deep sorrow among the Pandavas. His wife Kṣiti Sundarī performs satī, while Uttarā does not, as she is pregnant. Arjuna later fulfills his vow to kill Jayadratha before sunset, aided by Krishna’s stratagem of concealing the sun behind clouds.
Setyaki and Bhima wreak havoc on the battlefield, killing many Kaurava warriors. With Arjuna severing Burisrava’s arm, Setyaki succeeds in killing him. Karna then enters the battle, slaughtering numerous Pandava soldiers, until Arjuna advises that Gatotkaca confront him. Gatotkaca, Bhima’s son by Hidimbi, is slain by Karna’s divine weapon, marking the loss of Karna’s greatest supernatural power. Hidimbi immolates herself on her son’s funeral pyre. Drona, weakened after being deceived into believing that his son Ashvatthama has been killed, is slain by Arjuna as part of Krishna’s strategy.
Karna subsequently becomes the commander of the Kaurava army and fights Arjuna in a chariot driven by Shalya, while Krishna serves as Arjuna’s charioteer. Karna is eventually killed by Arjuna’s arrow. Bhima fulfills his vow by killing Dussasana, after which Shalya assumes command of the Kaurava forces. Following Krishna’s instruction, Yudhishthira kills Shalya using the Kalimahosada manuscript, a magical text that transforms into a sword. The defeat of the Kauravas is marked by the death of Duryodana, whose thigh is shattered by Bhima’s mace.
In the final episode, the Pandavas return to their camp to find the five sons of Draupadi murdered by Ashvatthama. Enraged, Bhima nearly kills him, but Ashvatthama releases the divine weapon Brahmasirah. Arjuna counters with the same weapon, until Shiva intervenes and forbids its use against humans. Arjuna succeeds in withdrawing his weapon, whereas Ashvatthama fails and is forced to surrender the jewel of his power from his forehead. This jewel is then handed by Draupadi to Yudhishthira, who subsequently becomes king of Indraprastha.
Naskah
[uah]
[ 1 ][Depan]
//0//nahanśabḍanirajanaŕndanenarayya,śambyadanmarahupakaŕyyadewapuja,kapwamehakĕnudakāñjalibaṭara,sampumaṅkanasirasapraharayogiryaṅkanrabwakratawā
r̥saŋnarayyapaŕṭā,saŋhyaŋṣudrasirakāton·tkaśarira,mastwakinpjaḥhajayadraphṣeŋhāṅgā,ndansaŋhyaŋpasupatisastraliŋnirastraṅyusampunmaṅganapaṅucapnirantasūkṣma,tustamṅĕkprawa
radanañtayatihaŕśa,sighrajaŕṣāsirariŋśaŋnarayyakraṣṇa,swastyastujaŕrirajanaŕddanpasabda//liŋkrap:haŕjjunamaṅucapmakalar̥tri,ndaḥluṅgaŋdiwasaśaśimijiltu∅mambwaŋ,waktansaŋtumutama
tthipriyanimanyu,lwiŕlilamuhunisaŋṅutariśaśoka//haḥpamwitiṅagatisundariharamdyaḥ,luṅhaṅgoḥhalasakariṅutarikimaṅgeḥ,ndanhaywalarakakakĕlantaṅista,hapanreḥniŋṅaniwi
[Belakang]
50
ndasanṅatayaᵒinehineŕheŕmuwaḥ//0//ndaraŕyyanmarapandawamurudsahababalariluputṣuyodana,dewisatyawatisirekicariŋtanwinaraᵒipatiśalyarirana,tantĕnbratya
kapaŕcchayatuhayatajarisiratkaṇnamyatarasiḥ,ndanradwekidumeḥnyatanpjahasiṅlaraṅidukusamĕṇdĕmiŋsawa//sasiptanpawaraḥnyatandwaguruhiŋsanagarapadagnaŕnnitanaṅis·,dewi
satyawatikitan·wnaṅaśabdakumtĕripaṅuñcaŋṅiŋlara,l̥ŋl̥ŋtanhanaratkaton·tkapirankaptĕṅanihnĕknikaṅdati,tanpatmakalṅĕŕndatanwruhipasambatiṅiñasahapakrakiŋsaki//ṅuŋnikalanira
turumaratĕwĕknihuripirahil̥ṅdidĕpnira,siṅgiḥmawakawastuhunragaragaṅgatitumatinareśwaraṅlurug·,maṅdewratthanarandramatirinṅĕnirakarananiranwawaŋpjaḥ,lwiŕragudulureŋśu
